Akayunguruzo kazengurutswe karimo imigozi yimbere yimbere, ibyuma bidafite ingese byacuzwe byunvikana nkibikoresho byo kuyungurura, hamwe nuburyo bwo gusudira ibyuma byose bidafite ibyuma bisobanurwa nibyiza byingenzi: imbaraga nyinshi, kurwanya itangazamakuru rikaze, kongera gukoreshwa / gusukurwa, gushungura cyane, hamwe nubushobozi buhebuje bwo gufata umwanda. Ikoreshwa ryabyo hamwe nibidukikije bihujwe cyane nibyifuzo byinganda bisaba "ibisabwa bikomeye kugirango birwanye ruswa, ibintu bitekanye, kandi byungururwe - akenshi birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, isuri ikomeye, cyangwa gukenera kuramba". Hano hepfo harambuye kumurongo wingenzi wibikorwa byabo nibikorwa byingenzi:
I. Ibyingenzi Byakoreshejwe Ibidukikije
Ibishushanyo biranga ibyo bishungura (byose-bidafite ibyuma-byubatswe + byubatswe byunvikana uburyo bwo kugundura + guhuza imigozi y'imbere) bituma biba byiza kuri ssenariyo isaba "akazi gakomeye + kwizerwa cyane". Zikoreshwa cyane cyane munganda zikurikira:
1. Inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli n’ingufu (Imwe mu mikorere yibanze)
- Porogaramu zihariye:
- Amavuta yo gusiga / hydraulic amavuta yo kuyungurura (urugero, amavuta yo kwisiga amavuta ya compressor, turbine, hamwe na bokisi ya bokisi; amavuta yumuvuduko / kuyungurura amavuta muri sisitemu ya hydraulic);
- Amavuta ya lisansi / kuyungurura mazutu (urugero, mbere yo gutunganya lisansi ya moteri ya mazutu hamwe na peteroli ikoreshwa na peteroli kugirango ikureho imyanda ya mashini hamwe n imyanda yicyuma mumavuta);
- Kuzunguza ibintu byamazi yimiti (urugero, kuyungurura hagati yibitangazamakuru byangirika nka acide organic, ibisubizo bya alkaline, hamwe nuwashonga kugirango wirinde umwanda kutagira ingaruka kumikorere cyangwa kwangiza ibikoresho).
- Ibidukikije bibereye:
- Ubushyuhe buringaniye: -20 ° C ~ 200 ° C (ibyuma bidafite ingese byumye bitanga ubushyuhe bwiza kuruta gushungura polymer zisanzwe; moderi zimwe na zimwe zirashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 300 ° C);
- Urwego rwumuvuduko: 0.1 ~ 3.0 MPa (ibyubatswe byose-byasizwe ibyuma bidafite ibyuma-byuma birwanya umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi guhuza imigozi y'imbere byemeza ko bifunze neza kugirango birinde kumeneka);
- Ibicuruzwa biciriritse: Irwanya itangazamakuru rikomeye ryangirika cyangwa ryijimye cyane nka acide, alkalis, ibishishwa kama, hamwe namavuta yubutare, nta ngaruka zo gutemba (birinda kwanduza ibicuruzwa bivura imiti cyangwa amavuta yo kwisiga).
2. Gukora imashini Sisitemu yo gusiga ibikoresho
- Porogaramu zihariye:
- Garura amavuta yo kuyungurura muri sisitemu ya hydraulic yimashini ziremereye (urugero, excavator, crane);
- Gusiga amavuta yo kuyungurura ibikoresho bya mashini (urugero, imashini za CNC, ibigo bikora);
- Akayunguruzo ka peteroli mubikoresho byamashanyarazi yumuyaga (garebox, sitasiyo ya hydraulic) (bigomba kwihanganira ubushyuhe buke bwo hanze hamwe nibidukikije byuzuye ivumbi, mugihe akayunguruzo gasaba gukora igihe kirekire).
- Ibidukikije bibereye:
- Kunyeganyega / ingaruka zidukikije: Imiterere-yose-idafite ibyuma irwanya kunyeganyega, ikabuza guhindura filteri cyangwa kumeneka (biruta plastiki cyangwa ibirahuri bya fibre);
- Umukungugu wo hanze / amahugurwa yibidukikije: Ihuza ryimbere ryimbere rituma imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro igabanya, igabanuka ryumukungugu wo hanze. Hagati aho, "ubujyakuzimu bwimbitse" bwubatswe bwacumuye bifata neza ivumbi hamwe nicyuma kivanze namavuta.
3. Ibiribwa, Ibinyobwa, n’inganda zikora imiti (Ibihe byubahirizwa)
- Porogaramu zihariye:
- Kuzunguza amazi yo mu rwego rwibiribwa (urugero, kuvanaho umwanda nuduce mu bikoresho fatizo mugihe cyo gukora amavuta aribwa, imitobe yimbuto, na byeri kugirango wirinde gufunga ibikoresho byakurikiyeho);
- Mbere yo gutunganya "amazi meza / gutera inshinge" mu nganda zimiti (cyangwa 药液 kuyungurura, bigomba kubahiriza ibipimo byibiryo / imiti nka 3A na FDA). Imiterere-yose-idafite ibyuma idafite isuku yapfuye kandi irashobora guhindagurika mubushyuhe bwinshi.
- Ibidukikije bibereye:
- Ibisabwa by'isuku: Imiterere-isudira-ibyuma byose idafite ingese idafite aho ihurira kandi irashobora guhindurwa na parike (ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ya 121 ° C) cyangwa gusukurwa mu buryo bwa shimi (urugero, aside nitricike, hydroxide ya sodium) kugirango birinde mikorobe;
- Nta kwanduza kwa kabiri: Ibyuma bitagira umwanda ntibishobora gufata ibiryo / imiti yimiti kandi ntigishobora kuva mubikoresho bya polymer, byubahiriza umutekano wibiribwa cyangwa imiti ya GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice).
4. Gutunganya Amazi n’inganda zo Kurengera Ibidukikije (Kurwanya Umwanda / Scenarios)
- Porogaramu zihariye:
- Mbere yo gutunganya amazi mabi yinganda (urugero, kuvanaho ibice byibyuma hamwe nibisigara byahagaritswe mumazi yanduye kugirango birinde ibyuka bya osmose cyangwa pompe zamazi);
- Kuzunguza sisitemu y'amazi azenguruka (urugero, gukonjesha amazi azenguruka, amazi yo hagati yumuyaga uhinduranya amazi kugirango akureho urugero na mikorobe, kugabanya imiyoboro ifunga nibikoresho byangirika);
- Gutunganya amazi y’amazi arimo amavuta (urugero, ibikoresho bya mashini emulsiyo, gusukura amazi yanduye kugirango yungurure umwanda uva mumavuta kandi bigushoboze kugarura amavuta no kongera gukoresha).
- Ibidukikije bibereye:
- Ibidukikije byamazi / byangirika: Ibyuma bitagira umwanda (urugero, amanota 304, 316L) birwanya kwangirika kwamazi, birinda ingese zo kuyungurura no gutsindwa;
- Imizigo ihumanya cyane: "Imiterere-yimiterere-itatu-yububiko" yunvikana itanga imbaraga zikomeye zo gufata umwanda (inshuro 3 ~ 5 kurenza inshundura zisanzwe) kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nyuma yo gukaraba inyuma cyangwa gusukura ultrasonic, kugabanya amafaranga yo gusimburwa.
5. Kwiyungurura umwuka na gaze
- Porogaramu zihariye:
- Kurungurura neza umwuka wafunzwe (urugero, umwuka ucometse kubikoresho bya pneumatike hamwe nuburyo bwo gutera spray kugirango ukureho ibicu byamavuta, ubushuhe, nuduce twinshi, twirinda ingaruka kumiterere yibicuruzwa cyangwa kwangiza ibice byumusonga);
- Kuzunguza imyuka ya inert (urugero, azote, argon) (urugero, imyuka irinda inganda zo gusudira hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoronike kugirango ikureho imyanda ihumanya muri gaze).
- Ibidukikije bibereye:
- Ibidukikije byumuvuduko mwinshi: Ihuza ryimbere ryimbere ryemeza guhuza imiyoboro ihamye, kandi ibyuma byose bidafite ibyuma birwanya ingaruka zumuvuduko wa gaze nta ngaruka zishobora kumeneka;
- Ubushyuhe buke / imyuka yubushyuhe bwo hejuru: Ihanganira ubushyuhe buke (urugero, -10 ° C) mugihe cyumuyaga uhumanye cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi (urugero, 150 ° C) ya gaze yinganda, bikomeza gukora neza.
II. Imikorere Yibanze (Kuki Guhitamo Akayunguruzo?)
- Kwiyungurura neza kugirango urinde ibikoresho byo hasi
Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga byacumuye bitanga kugenzura neza gushungura (1 ~ 100 mm, birashobora guhindurwa kubisabwa), bigafasha gufata neza ibice bikomeye, kogosha ibyuma, hamwe n umwanda hagati. Ibi birinda umwanda kwinjira mubikoresho byo hasi nka pompe, valve, sensor, nibikoresho byabigenewe, kugabanya kwambara ibikoresho, gufunga, cyangwa imikorere mibi no kongera ubuzima bwibikorwa bya serivisi. - Kurwanya Ibintu Bikomeye kugirango utezimbere sisitemu yizewe
Imiterere-yose-idafite ibyuma-isudira yubatswe hamwe nu murongo wimbere wimbere ituma akayunguruzo gashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, itangazamakuru ryangirika cyane (urugero, acide, alkalis, ibishishwa kama), hamwe ningaruka zo kunyeganyega. Ugereranije na plastiki cyangwa ibirahuri bya fibre ya filtri, irashobora guhuza cyane n’ibidukikije bikaze mu nganda, bikagabanya ibyago byo gutinda ku musaruro biterwa no kunanirwa. - Kongera kugabanya ibiciro birebire
Ibyuma bidafite ibyuma byacumuye byunvikana gushigikira gusubira inyuma (amazi yumuvuduko ukabije wamazi / gazi isubira inyuma), gusukura ultrasonic, hamwe no gusukura imiti yibiti (urugero, acide acide nitric, inzoga). Nyuma yo gukora isuku, imikorere yayo yo kuyungurura irashobora gusubizwa hejuru ya 80%, bikuraho gukenera gusimburwa kenshi (bitandukanye na filozofiya isanzwe ikoreshwa). Irakwiriye cyane cyane kwanduza cyane, ibintu byinshi-bigenda, kugabanya ibiciro byigihe kirekire. - Kubahiriza n'umutekano
Ibikoresho byose bidafite ibyuma (cyane cyane 316L) byubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho nko kurwego rwibiribwa (FDA), imiti-yimiti (GMP), ninganda zikora imiti (ASME BPE). Ntibifite ibintu bifatika, ntibanduza amavuta yungurujwe, amazi, ibiryo, cyangwa imiti yimiti, kandi byemeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa n'umutekano.
Incamake
Umwanya wibanze wuyungurura ni "igisubizo cyizewe cyane cyo kuyungurura kumikorere mibi". Iyo ibintu bisabwa birimo "ubushyuhe bwo hejuru / umuvuduko mwinshi / itangazamakuru ryangirika cyane, imitwaro ihumanya ikirere, ibisabwa igihe kirekire, cyangwa ibisabwa kubahiriza ibintu" (urugero, peteroli, imiti, amavuta yo kwisiga, ibiryo na farumasi, gutunganya amazi), ibyiza byubatswe nibintu bifatika. Ntabwo zujuje gusa ibisabwa byungururwa ahubwo binagabanya ibiciro byo kubungabunga no kuzamura sisitemu ihamye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-27-2025